Multi nationalism

Rupert murdoch born 11 March 1931 is an Australian American media mogul. Murdoch owns the sun, the times, news of the world

Advances in technology in press

Advances in Technology on Prezi

Content for print (terms)

Hard news -

• Seriousness: Politics, economics, crime, war, and disasters are considered serious topics, as are certain aspects of law, business, science, and technology.
• Timeliness: Stories that cover current events—the progress of a war, the results of a vote, the breaking out of a fire, a significant statement, the freeing of a prisoner, an economic report of note.

Soft news -

• The least serious subjects: Arts and entertainment, sports, lifestyles, "human interest", and celebrities.
• Not timely: There is no precipitating event triggering the story, other than a reporter's curiosity.

Masthead - is the name of the newspaper or magazine (states the title) e.g: The Sun

By-lines - is a line above an article stating the person who wrote the article.

Gutters - are spaced out line of type so that each line fits flush to the margin.

Justified text - is the first few sentences or paragraph's of a news story.

Headline - A title over a newspaper article which summarises the main point for the reader.

Caption - A title or explanatory phrase accompanying a picture.

Lead -

Camera shots

EWS (Extreme Wide Shot)- The view is so far from the subject that he isn't even visible. Often used as an establishing shot.

VWS (Very Wide Shot)-The subject is visible (barely), but the emphasis is still on placing him in his environment.

WS (Wide Shot) - The subject takes up the full frame, or at least as much as comfortably possible.

MCU (Medium Close Up) - Half way between a MS and a CU.MS (Mid Shot) - Shows some part of the subject in more detail while still giving an impression of the whole subject.

CU (Close Up) - A certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole frame.

ECU (Extreme Close Up) - The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail.

Cut-In - Shows some part of the subject in detail.

CA (Cutaway) - A shot of something other than the subject.

Two-Shot - A shot of two people, framed similarly to a mid shot.

(OSS) Over-the-Shoulder Shot - Looking from behind a person at the subject.

P.OV (Point of view shot) - shows a view from the subjects perspective.

Noddy Shot - Usually refers to a shot of the interviewer listening and reacting to the subject.

Print changes in content, style and culture.

Print - Cultural changes on Prezi

Ownership channels

Ownership channels

Public ownership group – Owned by the people. Example: BBC. The money comes from the government or council.

Private ownership group – Media group. Example: Virgin own many titles, including Virgin Atlantic airways, Virgin trains, Virgin media, Virgin coke.

Independent ownership group – The owners only own one Channel or store, for example: Up in smoke, The TV channel Viva.

Daily Mirror

1.      Trinity mirror

2.      Private

3.      International

4.      Yes, it is a multinational newspaper because it can be bought worldwide.

5.      No, they get financed for being on the site.

The Times

1.      News corporation

2.      Private

3.      National

4.      Not multinational

5.      No, they get financed for being on the site.

London evening standard

1.      Alexander Lebedev, Daily Mail and general trust.

2.      Private

3.      Regional

4.      Not multinational

5.      Get finance from advertising

Economic developments in print

Economic Developments in Print

Activity one

There are some newspapers that cost more than £1, for example; The Daily Telegraph and The Independent. On the other hand The Financial Times retails at £2, but they sell their newspaper at 90p, which is a net loss of £1.10

The prices of a standard newspaper has risen, the majority of newspapers have upped there price by 20p, Monday – Friday papers were originally £1 but are now £1.20 and weekend papers which were originally £1.90 have rised to £2.10. Newspapers such as The Daily Telegraph, The Times and The Independent which all originally cost £1 but on Saturday they were priced between 90p and £1.60. This is there way of making profit, as they know they will get fewer sales on the weekend.

Activity two

Circulation is the number of newspaper copies distributed on an average day.

Readership are the general readers of a newspaper, magazine or book which are regarded collectively.

The guardian has a circulation of 230, 541 on an average daily circulation, which is a good amount of copies sold daily. Plus the guardian’s newspaper price is quite high (£1.20) on weekdays and on the weekend the price has risen to £2.10. On the weekdays they make £1,383.246 and on the weekend they make £968,272.20 as you can see the guardian makes a good amount of money by the statistics of the daily circulation and the prices of the newspapers. The guardian is a broadsheet newspaper, not a tabloid. This is why the price is quite high.

Activity three

The daily circulation of all newspapers has increased from 2010 to 2012 because the competition has got much harder to sell newspapers, due to digital technology changing and rival newspapers.

1.      In my opinion I think this is good as the newspapers are making more sales due to the amount of daily circulations being produced.

2.      Also newspapers rivals encourage others to heighten  there circulation and distribution amount.

Audience needs and lifestyle's

Audience needs and lifestyles on Prezi

Advances in technology

Soaps: advances in technology, codes and conventions. On Coronation Street

Codes and conventions of Coronation Street - throughout different years

The typical conventions of soaps consist of

Storyline conventions.

• Bisexual/homosexual love not being accepted - in the early episodes
• Engagements
• Secrets
• Different views and opinions
• Prison
• Bar fights
• Gossip
• Hierarchy
• Pubs / particular meeting place for the community
• Arguments/Shouting
• Lying
• Problems
• Stereotypes

Technologicial conventions.

• Theme tune (sound)
• Dialogue (sound)
• Non-diegetic/ diegetic music (sound)
• Over the shoulder shot (camera)
• Close up shots in theme tune (camera)
• Shot reverse shot (editing)
• Dialogue (sound)
• Different cultures (mis-en-scene)
• Establishing shot (camera)
• POV shot (camera)
• Medium/Long shots (camera)
• Cross cutting (editing)

• stereotypes

I have looked at codes and conventions in 3 episodes of coronation street from different years (1960, 1987, 2011) the differences between the three are clearly shown through the codes and conventions down below.

Coronation street - 1960

This is the very first episode of coronation street, as you can see there is no colour due to the lack in technology in the time it was filmed. The shades are very gloomy, which portray sadness, poor, depressing, plain, and may even lead some viewers thinking that the area "Coronation Street" is a rough, working class place, filled with people without jobs and money. Also the intro to the clip is a tilting shot, which is the only shot in the intro. As the episode goes on you can see that the main shot used is a medium shots, and the cameraman isn't changing shots frequently, each shot lasts a while. and also the first few minutes show only women actresses which may be telling us who they have aimed this soap towards, which means there target audience is women aged 30 - 50. The women are wearing similar clothing which may be showing a sign of conformity.

This is an episode of coronation street from 1987, straight away you can see a massive improvement in technology from the first episode, as the episode has colour, better sound quality, establishing shots, crane shots, tracking shots, and close ups, the first episode didn't have any of those advantages. After the intro, the first shot has codes to try and tell the audience the two characters are in a pub, as there are draft taps, alcohol bottles stacked, glasses on a rack and an old wooden bar. Most of the shots are filmed when the characters are in the pub which is representing them as lower class or common people. Also most characters have pint glasses in their hands which is an icon for a lower class punter. Sound effects aren't shown clearly in this episode, but in similar episodes of coronation street and other soaps sound effects would be used mostly in violent or very physical scenes, for example a bar fight, car crash, house fire. Also most of the characters are a similar age about 40-60 which yet again shows who the directors target audience is, but with a difference as there is more of a balanced gender, where as the first episode was mostly women.

Coronation street - 1987

Coronation street - 2011

This is the third episode i chose it is the most recent episode out of the three, this episode shows how technology has advanced enormously as in the intro they use CGI - (computer generated image) of birds flying at specific times and enhanced colour which could also be CGI. the sound is much better in quality.

Between 1960 and 1968 street scenes were filmed before a set constructed in a studio, with the house fronts reduced in scale to 3/4 and constructed from wood. In 1968 Granada built an outside set which was not all that different from the interior version previously used, with the wooden façades from the studio simply being erected on the new site. These were replaced with brick façades, and back yards were added in the 1970s.

Between 1989 and 1999 the Granada studio tour allowed members of the public to visit the set. The exterior set was extended and updated in 1999. This update added to the Rosamund Street and Victoria Street façades, and added a viaduct on Rosamund Street. The majority of interior scenes are shot in the adjoining purpose-built studio.

In 1982 a permanent full-street set was built in the Granada backlot, constructed from reclaimed Salford brick. The set was updated in 1989 with the construction of a new factory, two shop units and three modern town houses on the south side of the street.

In 2008, Victoria Court, an apartment building full of luxury flats, was started on Victoria Street.

Media terms

Media may refer to:
Communications

Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data

• Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising
• Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass electronic communication networks
• Digital media, electronic media used to store, transmit, and receive digitized information
• Electronic media, communications delivered via electronic or electromechanical energy
• Hypermedia, media with hyperlinks
• Multimedia, communications that incorporate multiple forms of information content and processing
• News media, mass media focused on communicating news
• News media (United States), the news media of the United States of America
• Print media, communications delivered via paper or canvas
• Published media, any media made available to the public
• Recording media, devices used to store information
• Social media, media disseminated through social interaction

Mass media - refers to all media technologies, including the Internet, television, newspapers, film, and radio, which are used for mass communications, and to the organizations and companies which control these technologies.

Mediate - is a representation or reanacment of reality, for example: big brother, or football match highlights.

Modern media - is simply the most up to date media technology being used, . for example: facebook, ipad's and xbox kinect.

New media -  is a broad term in media studies that emerged in the latter part of the 20th century that refers to on-demand access to content any time, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as interactive user feedback, creative participation and community formation around the media content. Another important promise of new media is the "democratization" of the creation, publishing, distribution and consumption of media content. Another aspect of new media is the real-time generation of new, unregulated content

Media terms on Prezi

Media products

The most predominant colours of the newspaper is red, black and white. This isn't the only colours in the newspaper however they are represented as more important as they fill more of the page. The contrast of the white title on the black background makes it stand out and makes it more outstanding.

Language used is quite common which helps define the target audience as they use abbreviations of words and nicknames of celebrities. This helps show that they are targeting their audience at people from a lower to working class status as it is easy to read, and contains short sentences and paragraph's rather than pages of writing.

The text is bold and large which uses up a lot of the newspapers space. It is also quite plain and so it suggests they don't take much pride in presentation.

The images used in this paper helps draw in the target audience which is mainly men. This is shown by the half naked woman and the men represented in the other photos. Furthermore the advertising of free crisps is bright and colourful which would draw in the eye because it is typical that men like to snack out. This might convince someone to pick up the paper on a journey somewhere as they feel they are getting something for free out of it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HO2ol7llPE0

In this valentines episode of Hollyoaks we can see a lot of red and pink which symbolises love and hate. Pink is a very girly and loveable however in contrast the red could represent blood and fear. The red could be seen in two different ways we can tell this by cheryl being alone and Mitzee recieveing a valentines card from her ex in prision. 

The language used is quite common as it is set in chester, the outskirts of liverpool, which is known for poor english. The only written text is in her essay at the beginning of the scene and in the valentines cards. In a usual episode there wouldn't be as much written text but because it is a valentines special there is a percentage more. 

The music used in the opening is quite jolly and upbeat the lyrics read 'I got a love that keeps me waiting' which links in with the valentines theme. 

Newspapers - Print

There are two different types of Print - Broadsheet and Tabloid.

Broadsheet is the largest of the various newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches / 559 millimetres or more). The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a single sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material, from ballads to political satire


A Tabloid is a newspaper with compact page size smaller than broadsheet, although there is no standard for the precise dimensions of the tabloid newspaper format. The term "tabloid journalism", which tends to emphasize topics such as sensational crime stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and TV is commonly associated with tabloid sized newspapers, though some respected newspapers such as The Independent are in tabloid format, and in the United Kingdom the size is used by nearly all local newspapers

Cultural changes

Q. How has british culture changed in the last quarter of the century?

A. 20-25 years ago, the royal family dominated the media for example they would be on the front cover of a newspaper/have the first couple of pages. Now celebrity cultures take over the media, everyone has lost interest in the royal family and are now more interested about celebrity gossip. This has also affected soap operas in some sort of way such as for example 20 years ago a whole episode would be devoted to the royal family for example: the royal wedding. There is a contrast with the different plots and story lines and people who played in soap opera’s for example: people with mental disabilities, homosexual’s and a varied selection of ages, from a toddler to an elderly character. 

Q. If britain is now a multi-cultural society, do we see evidence of this in british soap operas?

A. Yes, for example in Eastenders there is a common example of an british immigrant from trinidad and tobago called Patrick, his back story is a based on significant non-fiction events, for example he came over to England from Trinidad, this acts as a common stereotype of how foreign nationals immigrate to western countries to find work and provide for their families back home, this is a regular occurrence in modern day britain. However a recent study by the cultural diversity network found that people thought that ethinic minorities are under-represented in some of the main genres of UK television.

Q. Do minority cultures feel as represented in soaps as majority cultures?

A. No, because the mainstream soaps are mainly targeting the majority cultures because they are the most common, therefore meaning the audience can relate better to them, this is due to the fact that they include stereotypes that are common in modern day society. A recent survey on members of the british public found that a high percentage were of the opinion that minority cultures are underrepresented in the main british soaps. there tends to be a wide range of ethinic groups in soap operas however some are more represented than others.

Q. What impact has the development of other sub-cultures (youth culture etc) had on british soap operas?

A. Over the last few years, there has been an increase in younger characters in british soaps such as Eastenders, this is considered to be due to the development in youth culture, for example in Eastenders, a storyline enrolled some of the younger characters into a local gang, it showed how stressful it was for those who had been forced to join a gang, with the protagonist feeling guilty for committing crimes such as stealing, it also included events that were related to everyday recent events such as a murder, in the soap, a man gets murdered when he gets in confrontation with a local gangster, which linked in well at the time because there was a story in the news in which someone had been murdered, the producer used this as an opportunity to link reality with the show.


Q. What other cultural changes have also had an impact on british soap operas?

A. Current affairs have had a significant effect on british soap operas, for example the general election, some of the characters may be casted as supporters of a certain political party, maybe in some scenes a disagreement could happen between the two opposing groups. Another factor could be the characters supporting different football teams, for example in Eastenders the vast majority of characters support West Ham, where as the minor few support Arsenal, in the past this issue has arisen and caused conflicts.